Assignment 1.

1. Defenition of Test, Measurement, Evaluation, and Assessment.

A. Defenition of Test: 

1. According to Riduwan (2006: 37) Test is a series of questions used to measure the skills, knowledge, intelligence, abilities or talents that individuals/groups have.

2. According to Allen philips (1979:12) a Test was interpreted as a tool used to acquire data on the characteristics of individuals or groups).

3. According to Rusli Lutan (2000:21) Test is instruments that use to obtain information about an individual or an object.

B. Defeniton of Measurement: 

1. According to  Gronlund quoted by Sridadi (2007) Measurement: an activity to obtain a specific numerical description that individuals have.

2. Accoarding to  Wikipedia Measurement is quantity, dimension, or capacity, measuring unit.

3. According to Sridadi (2007) Measurement is a process that is systematically undertaken to   achieve quantitative size of a specific object using a standard measurement device.

C. Defenition of Evaluation:

1. According Allen philips (1979: 1-2) Evaluation is a complex term that often is promoted by both teachers and students. It graciously making decicions or judgements about students based on the Suggestions to which instructional instruare embraced by them. (an evaluation isa complex term that teachers and students often abuse. Evaluations involve making decisions or judgments about students based on the target level of results attained by them.

2. According to Robert L. Thorndike and Elizabeth Hagen (1961) evaluation is associated with measurement. Evaluation also includes judgments of what is good and what is expected. Proper measurements are thus a solid basis for evaluation.

3. According to the Sutaris and Kadasih quoted by Sridadi (2007), evaluation is a process of giving or determining value to a certain object by some criteria.

D. Defenition of Assassment:

1. According to Suchman, (1961) Assessment is a defining process of results that were accomplished by some of the activities planned to contribute to achieving goals.

2. According to Angelo (1991: 17) Assessments is a simple method of using the faculty to gather feedback, beginning and after, on how well their students learn what they teach.

3. According to the Depag quoted Sridadi (2007) Assessment is an attempt to gather a wide and ongoing variety of information about the process and learning results that have been obtained by the students through the assigned teaching learning activities that can provide the basis for determining the next step

2. Defenition Of Formal and Informal Assassment:

1. Defenition of Formal Assassment:

Formal Assessment is standard assessment that use raw instruments such as wisc (intelligence test), PMC, basalt reading minosetta test, etc. The instrument has been standardized through rigorous experiments with a high number of samples.

2. Defenition of Informal Assament:

Informal assassment are men made and developed by teachers based on aspects of development or curriculum associated with child learning. Like an interview, observation, scale or skale, cheklist, etc.

3. According to McLoughlin and lewis,( 1986;) Mercer and mercer, (1989;) Abdurrahman, w., (2003:265;) Wardani, (2007:8.25). Formal assessment is session by using standard tests or standardized tests constructed by experts to have standards, while informal tests are valuations by analyzing student work outcomes or by teacher tests.

3. Defenition of Formative and Summative Assassment:

A. Definition of Formative Assassment:

1. According to Black & Wiliam, 1998, p. 2 (Inside the black box): 

Assessment’ refers to all those activities undertaken by teachers, and by the students in assessing themselves, which provide information to be used as feedback to modify the teaching and learning activities in which they are engaged.  Such assessment become ‘formative assessment’ when the evidence is actually used to adapt the teaching to meet the needs.

2. Bronwen Cowie & BeverleyBell, 1996/1999 (A model of formative assessment in science education) : The process used by teachers and students to recognise and respond to student learning in order to enhance that learning, during the learning.

B. Definition of Summative Assassment:

1. According to Scriven (1991) Badruabad (2009), summatives were performed after the program ended. The purpose of a summative assassment is to measure the attainment of the program.

The model for assassment that Scriven wrote (1991) stated that a sumative assassment is an evaluation after the system has completed its testing and consummation. This sumative assassment pattern is done when a teacher intends to know the final stages of her student's development.

References:

http://magisterolahragaunlam.blogspot.com/2016/03/pengertian-tes-pengukuran-evaluasi-dan.html?m=1

www.content://com.sec.android.app.sbrowser/readinglist/0219205538.mhtml

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/00001862.doc&ved=2ahUKEwj1x5TB1-HnAhW2zDgGHVRXAwkQFjADegQIBBAB&usg=AOvVaw3njUQCh5-9VTsL4z1xJ5bp

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://pasca.um.ac.id/conferences/index.php/por/article/view/680&ved=2ahUKEwjw2I7r3OHnAhWfzTgGHYCDBCMQFjABegQICBAC&usg=AOvVaw2YhWWyubGkSfww1tyyBnKK